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AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Stokes Paintings represent= 
ing Greenland Eskimo 




GUIDE LEAFLET NO. 30 

NOVEMBER, 1909 



American Museum of Natural History 

Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West, New York City 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

I'rtsiJiht 
Henrv Faiufield Osborn 



First Vice-President 

J. PiERPONT Morgan 

Treasurer 

Charles Lanier 

Ex Officio 

TnK Mayor ok thk City ok Xtw Vuuk 
The Comptroller of the City- of New York 
The President ok the Department of Parks 



Second Vice-President 

Cleveland H. Dodge 

Secretary 

J. Hampden Robb 



JOSEPH H. CHOATE 



Class of 1909 

J. PIERPONT MORG.W 
HENRY F. OSBORN 



J. HAMPDEN ROBB 
ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES 



CHARLES LANIER 
ANSON W. HARD 



Class of 1910 

Class of 1911 

SETH LOW 
Class of 1912 



PERCY R. PYNE 
JOHN B. TREVOR 



WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER 
GUSTAV E. KISSEL 



D. O. MILLS 
ARCHIBALD ROGERS 



ALBERT S. BICKMORE 
CORNELIUS C. CUYLER* 
ADRIAN ISKI.IN, Ju. 



Class of 1913 



GEORGE S. BOWDOIN 
A. D. JUILI.IARD 



CLEVELAND H. DODGE 
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON 



EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 



Director 
Hermon C. Bumi'Us 



Assislaut-Secretary and Assistant-Treasurer 
George H. Sherwood 



The American Museum of Natikm. Ili-imuv was fstablishcii in 1S69 to promote 
the Natural Sciciiccs aii<l to dilTusc a nciu-ral knowKvljje of them amoriK the people, and 
it w ir» cordial coKperatioii with all similar institutions throu;?hout the world. The Museum 
authorities an- di-p<'ndent upon privat*- suhscriptions and the. dues from members for pro- 
curing neede<l additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America 
and other parU of the world. ^ 



The memlx-rHhip fe<'.s are,/..' 

Annu il Miiiilx-ni $ ••' 

Su iiiljcn* (Annual) . -.'i 

Lif. KK) 



I'ellows S .500 

Patrons 1000 

Benefactors ((lift or bequest) .'>(i,(HM» 



All money rt'ccive«i from memlx-rship fw.H i.s used for increasing the collections and 
for developing the e«luralioiml work of the Maseum. 

The Miivum in open froo to the public on every day in the year. 



The Stokes Paintings Representing 
Greenland Eskimo 



A DESCRIPTION OF THE 

MURAL DECORATIONS OF THE ESKIMO HALL 



GIVEN TO THE 



American Museum of Natural History 

BY 

ARTHUR CURTISS JAME5 



No. 30 

Ol" TIIIO . 

GUIDE LEAFLET SE.R^ES 

1 M' riii: 

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

EDMUND OTIS HOVEY, EDITOR 
New York. Published by the Museum. November, 1909 



NORTH 



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Floor plan of the ground floor of the Museum, showing the location of 
the Eskimo Hall, where are displayed the Stokes paintings presented 
by Mr. Arthur Curtiss James. 






THE STOKES PAlX'irXCS REPKESEN'ITNC CItKFA'EANI ) 

ESKIMO. 

THE mural decorations at tlic iiortlicni end of llit- E>kiiiio Hall have 
been painted bv 'Sir. Frank Wilbert Stokes, an artist, who, as mem- 
ber of the Pearv ReHef ExpeiHtion of 1S!)2 and of the Pearv Xortii 
Greenland Expedition of 1S93 and 1894, has made ( ai-ct'ul >indy of the 
Eskimo people and their frozen country, 'i'hc Miisciim is indebted for 
these painting's to Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, one of the Tni^tccs. 

Ranged about the hall below are the weapons, the artick's of dress, the 
boats, the sleds, while above them in this j)ainted frieze these same 
objects are seen put to use in the daily activities of the Eskimo, revealing 
his adaptation to an environment of months' long days and nights among 
glaciers and icebergs. The combination of the scientific exhibits below 
and the artist's work above, brings home to the observer not only the 
ethnological facts involved, but also other facts, such as the austerity of 
Eskimo life, its enforced simplicity and the limitations set upon civiliza- 
tion for the people of the Arctics. Aluch of the interest of these pictiuvs 
rests in the fact that numy of the scenes rei)resent localities actually visited 
by the artist. Mr. Stokes estal)lished his studio at Bowdoin Bay, 77° 44' 
X. latitude, and worked there during fourt(>en months, with the primitive 
life of the Eskimo and the glowing colors of the northern land tmder con- 
stant observation. As William ^Valton has said in an article in Scribner's 
^lagazine for February, 1909, ^Ir. Stokes has here succeeded, desi)ite the 
inadequacy of pigments, in well suggesting "the utmost sj)lendor of light 
that blazes in the Polar skies and glows in the Polar, translucent ice." 

The North ^VAl.I.. 

The largest picture of the series — in full view from the main foyer 
of the Aluseum — is a continuous panoranui sixty feet long. It is 
intense and realistic in its coloring. In the center the glow of a mid- 
night sun illuminates promontories and .sea, toward the right this bril- 
liant color gradually fades to the gray and pin-|)le of the twilight that 
precedes the long Arctic night, while toward the left il changes to the 
white lights and deej) bltie shadows of thai other twilight that foretells 
the approach of the long Arctic day. 



AMKRICAX MUSKl'M CUIDE LEAFLETS 




b 



ESKiMO GODDESS OF THE SUN. 

I'lonri til'.' p:iiiiti!ifr on the North Wal 



Cupyrnjht IOipH Uy Frank Wilberl Stokf*. 
CuuritMV at Scribner't Magatine. 



.\;:;iiii>l tin- \i\i<l ;jiil<l mikI ml nf llic cfiitt r nf llic |»;iiiiliiii: is |)(ir- 
tray«-<l tin- artist's coiicfi)!!*)!! of tin- l"'skiiiio myth «»f tlic "Sim ami tlu' 
M<M)ii." 'riicr<" is |)nvsciitr»| a ^naiit mira^'c of two fi<;iirt's in full j»iirsuit 
tlir«ni;;li llic air. Tluvsr fif^iircs arc Aim-iii^-aii-m'li. a inmlrr. ty|>ifviii«:; 
tlir iiiKoii :iiii| ll•^llt•rill<: ill (In- ion;; winter, ami Siikli-cli-iiiikli. slamliii<; 
fur tlic Sim, a ^^'cnldrss acc<tiii|)aiiic<l l»y siimmrr ami plenty, .\lin-iiii;- 
ali-neli is ijressed in winter ^arl» aptl is driving; his team ofdu^'s. 'I'he 
htwtr ]»arl nf the li^'ure. like the <l<»;^'s and >«led;;e, an- shadowy in the 
|iaintin;,'. Imt the ii|»|>er part n-aehinj; forward in the chase, the head 
and the ri;;ht arm w ith its lashinj; whip, stand out stron<; ami dark as the 
forward part of a ni^'lit cloud that sweeps over the <;lacier-co\(rcd hei^dits. 
Siikh-1-h-nukh is repre>ented hy a li::iiie imeo\ercd to the waist I the 
i'^skiino, lioih men and women. «><-casionally strip oil' the upper garments 
ill ihe siiiniiier sum. She carries in her ri^ht hand an l!->kimo lamp, 
.shown lis a Hiiii-dn^ or parhelion .such a.s i.s often se<n near ilic hoii/.on 
at Miriri.Hi* iind .stii;se( in (he Arctic^, .'^he is ,1 part of a ciimiilus sinimier 




PRINTED CARDS ORDEREI 



; delivered to 
faioa Division 



r should reach ) 

Inting Office cjpp g ^g^J" 

f later than 



PAIXTIXGS OF GREEXLAXD ESKIMO 




ESKIMO CONCEPTION OF THE MOON, A 
HUNTER IN PURSUIT OF THE SUN. 




Copyright 1908 hii Frank Wilhrrl Stokt; 
Courtesy of Scribner's Mogazine. 



cloud that floats near her head. Summer birds are about lier, a long 
line following from the far away horizon. Two fulmar gulls are flying 
in front of her, and two harp seals are crying to her, the "Mother of 
the Seals," from floating ice below, where also little Arctic puffins are 
ranged in military line. 

The story of the pursuit of the sun by tlic moon is a legend widely 
spread among the Eskimo people. The North ( iicciilMud "Eskimo 
believe, as do all other lunuitfrom Alaska to Labrador and HafHii Laiab 
that the sun was orio-inallv a woman, Sukh-eh-uukh, who in order to 
escape the unfilial love of her brother, Ahn-iug-ah-ueh, fled into the 
heavens bearing a lighted torch. The brotlicr also carrviui;- a torch 
pursued her and was transformed into the moon. It is believetl that the 
moon is forever in love with th(> sun and seeks ever to overtake her, i)ut 
that since his torch chanced to be a i)oor one and he i> frc(|Ufnlly coiii- 
pelled to return to earth to relight it, the sun is enabled to keej) weH in 



6 AMERICAX MrSKUM Cl'ini'- l.KAFLF.TS 

atlvantr. Accortlin«; to tin- iiiytli. ilisasttr woulil come if he should 
succeed in catchint; her. f(»r with hi> eiuliiace wouhl coiiie the end ot all 

tliinir>- 

This h-p'ii<l of the >iiii and the nioon lia> many variations among the 
Eskimo i)eo])le an<l is sometimes termed the Sedna ( "vele, Sedna also 
sipiifviiii; the sun. It is possihle that we havi- here not only an alletjory 
of the <rreat Arctic day and niirht. l>nt al>o tiie proof that there has taken 
root in Eskimo ima«;ination the idea of man's search after the nnatiain- 




Copyrioht IffOS by Fnink WHIhtI Stokts. 

POLAR BEAR AT BAY 

IVnin till- |>:iilitilitr i>ll the N'nilh \\:ill. 

Tlie ri<;ht portion of the paintin;:. reahstic in the cMrenif. repre- 
sents the twilight I.efiire the a|)proaeh of ilie long night . die (haniatie 
interest resting in an eneoimler lieiwecn an IvsUium hiinler ami a jH.lar 
hear. 'I'he himter has left his shdge and. accompanied hy his team, has 
f(»llowed in the chase. He has nscd his arrows and is now near enough 
to give it thrust with his hinee. the luar's alleiiiion luing hel.l hy the 
• lojjs. 

Thai |iart <.f the |)aintingal thecMn-me h-ft tells the Eskimo's meihnd 
of stalking pre\ . In tin- f<»regronnil <>n an iee-lloe a linnler. liaipiHUi in 
hand, is crawling slowlv towanl Iwn ring seals, which lie hasking in the 



PAIXTIXas OF (IRKEXLAXn ESKIMO 7 

sun near their liole. Eskimo hunters have j^a-eat skill in ^nving deeov 
sounds. Thev ean make cautious aj)j)roach to gulls hy waving a gull's 
wing in the air, while whistling the bird's notes; they can allay the 
suspicions of seals by lying fiat on the ice and waving a foot in imita- 
tion of a seal's head, while giving the characteristic calls of the seals. 
Beyond the seal hunter in the distance rises above the ice of the glacier, 
a bell-shaped elevation of land which the Eskimo knows as a " nunatak." 
Still farther to the left towers an iceberg, while over all is the dawniiicr 
light of the summer that is being ushered in by Sukh-eh-nukh, the sun 
goddess. 




Copyright 1908 by Frank Wilbert Stokes. 

ESKIMO STALKING THE SEAL 

From the Paiiitinji on the North Wall. 



The East W.m.i.. 

The first or norf/icrn panel — An Inuiiif Ktu-iDupnieni in Laic Antinnn. 



Pictures of actual events in Eskimo life are continui'd on the cast and 
west sides of the hall, the unity of the compositions being gained by 
making the sky line in the east and west i)ani-ls the same as that of the 



8 AMERKAX MUSFAWf cl'lUK LKAFLKTS 

paiiitiiii: on tlir north wall. Tlif tlirrc |);tncls on the t-ast wall continue 
[)ictnn'> of Iv^kinio iitV a> it i:of> on duriiit: the Arctic ni<;ht. 

Tlic first of the panels j^ives a view of In*,deHeI(l (uilf, which l»y 
Noxcnilter is well frozen over. In the fore^fround to tlu' rii^ht an 
Innnit Mcnika^hoo) is euttin;; ujt pieces of meat and tVedin<,f hi.s 
team after a hunting' trij). The .sledi;e lies to tiie left, and jnst ht-yond 
is an Imiuit woman with her babe carried on her back in a j)ouch. Such 
a pouch is made of fox skin and is a part of the hooded iip|)ei- ii.arnient. 
The head and ^houldci-^ of the child are covci'cd i»v soft fox skin, but the 
rest of it^ body lies naked aijaiust the mother's bare back and so is kej)t 
warm. The child is secured in the j)ouch by a sinew which pa.s.ses around 
ilN bo<iy and around the upper |)ail of the mother's waist. 

.\ liitle Iniiuit boy stands liv hi> luodier, walchinix his phiymate, an 
Kskimo pu|)i)y. inunediately to the rij^du is the stone-l)uilt entrance of 
the i;,doo, or winter residence, which, ])artly covered with snow, is itself 
.seen dii't'ctly behind the (i;;ures. riie >eal-entrail window of the i;j,loo 
reveals a pale li>;ht from tlu- lamj) within, a lamj) which nuist serve the 
|>nrpo-e'> (»f li<,dltin^^ heating, eookin<; ami drvin<j: for the whole familv. 

Heyond ill the middle distance to the left i> a bav, il> shore co\ered 
with >now which i^ about three inches in deplli al tlii> season. Hcvond 
the bay is a l»>n<j; low promontory stretchiu<; into the sea, a N(»vembi'r sea, 
completely fi'ozcn ovi'r and with an iccberii; fro/en into it. The stai's are 
liriiliant in die >ky. while mountain, sea and >horc are enshrouded in 
rii-h oiani:e li;,dil from a ^iiii that is ^raduallv rcccdiui;". 



1 lu ('iiitnil I'diiil Walrus IIiinliiK/ in FclirKdn/. 

The east central panel re])rcsents a l-'cbruary scene on the ice of 
Maflin May, which is never coni|ilclely fi-o/,cn over. The llamini: colors 
of die Aurora Hoi-cilis fill die sk\ and are relleeie.j l.\ ihc ice. Ill ihcir 
wcii-d li^'ht is made visible the attack of an liinuil liunler upon a lar<fe 
waliiis, one of a j^'roiip of ihn-e in the ceniial forcirroimd of die picture. 
In the immediate fore;rroim<l lo die ii;,dil a bull w;ili-iis is just eiiicri^nm; 
from (he water. There i-, no look of fear in llie aiiimars doi^-like e\-e, 
since he has mil yii eau;,dit si;,dil of the hnnler. 

In the .\rctics the b:irkin^' of walrus can be liear<l foi- miles. W hen 
lli<- Iniiiiil hiiiiler hears it, he may hitch six t,y eiirjit du^s to his sledire 





ESKIMO ENCAMPMENT IN LATE 
AUTUMN, 



The noith panel of the East Wall. 



I 



II) 



AM 



F.niCAX MISELM LilH>l-^ LEAFLETS 




WAtRUS HUNTING IN THE LIGHT OF THE AURORA BOREALIS 
The ci'iitnil l>:>n.-l i.f lli<- K:ist W :ill 



„„.| trav.-l lowanl il.r m.um.I. oft,-., uld, ..nl.v ihr li-l.i of th. n.oui, ...• 
of Ihf .Mar> U, slinw l.ini tlir uay. Wl.n. uillm. a ll.nu^an.l vanU lo 
the witi.lwHr.1 of ilu- animals. !„• i.th.rs hi. .i-.-s m il.r i..-. aii.l if ihry 
im- iinacviiHioinnl to Im.ifm- an.l will not n-maii. noiM-lr». Ik- ni:iv mn. 
llir»l«lKfUl.si.U-.lovvii.i...t-.K nus adrn.i.t on ih.-ir lurt l" run auav. 



PAIXTIXGS OF GREEXLAXD ESKIMO 11 

Armed with a stout harj)oon and })leiity of walrus-hide line, the Innuit 
crawls over the ice toward the animals. He conceals himself Ix'hind 
ice blocks or hummocks until the distance between him and the animals 
is short, then suddenly leaps to his feet, singles out a big bull (as in the 
painting) and strikes — usually with unerring aim. The whole herd, 
barking furiously, rushes for the sea. The stricken bull dives, and the 
walrus-hide line pays out rapidly, but not before the Innuit has deftly 
thrust his lance, which he carries in his free hand, firmly into the ice. 
With knee and shoulder braced against the shaft of the lance, he obtains 
sufficient purchase to play the walrus until the big fellow is so weakened 
by loss of blood that the hunter can leave his lance to cut two holes in the 
ice close to the spot where he is standing. Now, whenever the line is 
slack, he hauls in a few fathoms, and running the noose a couple of times 
down through one hole and across through the other, obtains a more 
reliable hold. With the lance now free, he stands over the breathing 
hole, striking the w^alrus each time that it rises. Wlien it is finally 
despatched, he cuts off piece after piece of the meat and seeks his sledge 
and dogs to carry the spoil home. 

Walrus are huge ungainly creatures, weighing upwards of three 
thousand pounds, but to the nimble Innuit hunter there is usually no 
difficulty in getting out of harm's way on the ice after he has struck the 
blow. If, however, the iron point slips, or the ice gives way, or if, as the 
coils of the line are running out, the hunter's legs become entangled, he 
is quickly dragged down beneath the water to speedy death. 



The Third or Southern Panel. Peterawik in MoonligJif. 

The third panel represents a winter scene at Peterawik on the shore 
of Smith Sound. In the foreground at the extreme left is a hunter with 
sledge and dogs, bringing a load of walrus meat. His snow igloo is at the 
right, where his wife, carrying a child in her hood, and accompanied 
by an Eskimo woman, is waiting to welcome him. The sea-ice of Smith 
Sound stretches far to the horizon at the north; the head-line of Cape 
Alexander is visible in the distance. The rocks at the right are charac- 
teristic of the west coast of Greenland at this latitude, 70° X. 

In the spring before the ice l)reaks up, the Innuit congregate at 
Peterawik for walrus hunting. They build their snow igloos on the ice 
foot, that j)oiti()ii of the sea-ice bordering the land. Here they remain 



12 AMKRTrAX MUSEUM (iUIDF LEAFLETS 

hunting, frolicking and feasting in their joyous fashion, until the sun's 
warmth has broken uj) the ice. Then thev travel southward, still over 
the ice, some to the settlements of Inglefield (iulf and others even as far 
as Cape York. 

Tin: Wkst Wai.i.. 

Tilt Fir.'it nr Xortlurn Paticl — Rtituhcr Hunting in Summer. 

The judntings on the west wall rt'j)resent Eskimo litV during the 
long Arcii<' day. 

In the niiddh- foreground of the northern panel a hunter, crouching 
at the top of a rocky prominence, is in the act of drawing his i)OWof 
Itone ami >iut\v upon a while rcindcci,' which lius espied too late .some- 
thing to e.xcite its curiosity. In the middle distance at the extreme right, 
is the continuation of the large iceberg of the central panel of the north 
wall. Icebergs in the Arctic regions are fre(piently from !.")() to 300 feet 
in height, ineasiu'c five to seven times this distance below the surface of 
the sea. and sometimes have a length of three miles. Beyond the ice- 
berg in the distance is a glacier flowing down from the great ice "Sahara " 
in the inteiior of < iicenlaiid, while to the left is a dark rocky poi'tion of 
the suiunerged lantl. 

In the immediate forcgroimd arc |)ur|)lc flowers (Epilohium lafi- 
foliuni) which nesth- in pockets in the rocks. The middle forcgroimd is 
cnveied I ly >tun(cd grass and mo.s.ses, especially i>y reindeer moss on 
which the deer are feeding. Many flowers bloitm in ( ircenland and other 
|>olar laufls during the slmit summer, notably members of the mustard 
family, ami of the pink. rose, saxifrage and grass families. Tliere is one 
sjK'cies of sedge known; willows and birches are found, although grow- 
ing only two to thri'c inches in height; while daisies, butlcn-ups. yell(.)w 
jM»ppies, harebells, dandelions, gentians and |)riuu'oses cover the ground 
in many places. 

Another source of bright coloi' in these northern latitudes lies in two 
specii's (»f alga*, one red and the dilicr green. Thev arc microsco|)ic 
plant.s that gniw on the ice or snow , Inn they may occur in >ucli piofusjon 
a-~ to iin|»arl their rcilor to (he gronml. It i> the |trcM'nce of thcst" alga* 

' .\ wliiti- carilNui {haniji/cr prarifi Allen) (Uscoven-il liy I'l-iiry in I'.HIJ in Kllos- 
incn' hiitiil iifiir I.:ikc Iltizcn, laliluilc S'.'° N. 



PAixrixGS OF Gni:i:xi.A.\j) Eskimo 



13 




Copyright IDuS by Fnnik Wilbcrt Stakes. 



WINTER SCENE AT PETERAWIK ON THE SHORE OF 
SMITH SOUND. 

The soullicni panel nf (lie I'last Wall. 



that explains the famous "crimson o-lacier" or "ciMiiison snow" near 
Cape York. 

As to echhk' phmts, there are a few even in tliis extreme nortlicrn 
region. A bhieberrv which grows partly concealed nnder the moss 
can be secured during the greater part of the year, and is eaten with 
relish by the Innuit. There are several |>lants of wliicli the roots, leaves, 
buds and even flowers are eaten. .V ])lant resembling celery i Arch- 
angelica ojfjcinalis) is a favorite article of food, behind moss is also 
eaten. The chief .sources of vegetabh" food, however, are marine. .\ 





REINDEER HUNTING IN SUMMER 
III.- lii.rllicrn pMlirj of the W rsl 

Willi. 



PAIXTIXGS OF (;l{i:i:.\I.AM> ESKIMO 



15 




Copyright 19uS by Frank Wilbcrt Stoker. 

ESKIMO IN SEALSKIN CANOE HARPOONING A NARWHAL. 

The central panel of the West Wall. 

seaweed used commonly for food \s Alaria pi/lail, closely allied to '•l.hiil 
derlocks," of Scoduiid, and in ilavor somrwliat like asparagus. 



The Central Panel ^ Xarwlial Iliintin;/ in Snwmer. 

The dramatic ci-nt(>r of this panel is an liinnit in lii- kayak or seal>kin 
canoe in the act of hari)oonin-- a narwhal, which is vi>il.le l.eneath the 



16 AMERICAX MrSEUM cl'lDE LEAELETS 

surface of tlu' water at the left of the l)oat. To the rij^lit in the middle 
distance are fiilinar ^'ulls. In the distance is the (;reat ice river, the 
A Crhocff glacier. 

The narwiial is an animal al)out which little i.s definitely known. 
Some, notahly Pearv, think that it is the fahled unicorn of the ancients. 
It occasionaHy has Itoth a JonLT and a >lii>ri hmu. one of which it may 
lose, however. The narwhal is hlue-hlack alonj^ the back and sj)otted 
with <lark alon;; the sides, the color fading inti> ivory white underneath. 
The thin >kin covcis a \cry deep layer of fat or hJiiKhcr, con.sidered a 
delicacy hy the Innnit. This hluUher is eaten raw, as in fact is most 
of the food in the Arctics, and of coiu'se without j)e])])er or salt, neither 
of which is known to the Eskimo. 

In narwhal hunting, the Imiuit ai)]iroaclic> tlif animal from the rear 
and one side, decreasing the distance noiselessly until he is within strik- 
ing distance. \ comj)anion always accomj)anies the hunter, so that, in 
the event of his i)cing struck hy the narwhal, and his hoat overtiUMied, 
there may be .some rescue at hand. riie harj)oons used in narwhal 
hunting formerly had heads made of Hakes from the iron meteorites 
near ('ape ^'ork, but since the first quarter of the nineteenth century 
the Eskimo have obtained tlicii- metal tVoni trader-^ and from whaling 
and (jther ships. The har|)ooii head is joined lo a j)iec-e of walrus or 
narwhal ivor-y. which fits loo>eiy on to the i\oiy end of the >liafl. To 
the center of tliiv harpoon head, is fastened a line of wali'us hide kejil 
in place by the hand that liohU the harpoon. The line it>elf i^ coiled 
on the fore part of the kayak, so that it will unwind rapidly and with- 
out becoming tangled, .\ttaclied (o the other eml of this line and 
placed in the after |tail of the ka\ak are two objects, a sealskin bag 
and a drag resembling a bo\ lid. When the animal div<'s and llees 
vainly from the pain of the har|)oon point imbedded in its ilcsh. the 
drag tires ii out, and the skin bag, floating on ilic sini'ace of (he walei'. 
murks its position and keeps it fi-om sinking. The hmner, w ho adinilly 
gets out of the way of die infuriated animal, can ihiis trace its cnurse 
and finally tow i( home. 

'1 he \ erhoelf glacii-|- re|irescntcd in the jLiintiiig is one of two i^l.iciers 
al the head of Ivobertsoii Hay, on the iKMilicrn sIkhc of Ingleiicld (inlf. 
West (ire«*nland. it was here that \ erhoelf . the meleorologisi of one of 
the PrapA- E.Npediiious, while trying to cinss the glacier alone, lost his 
life in ."September of |s",ti.». The sc.i wall of the ixlacici- is from l.'iO to 



Rl) 14.8';;; 



r.iixTixas OF (ii{EE.\l.i\i> i.skimo 






^ ,S^ 



M 



'^.*-. 



Copyriijltt 19u8 bii Frank U'ilhut Slukts. 

SCENE AT CAPE YORK, A SUMMER HOME OF THE ESKIMO 
The southern panel of the West \\A\. 




1 



200 feet high, hut the ice shelves out heneath the water, where tiie buoy- 
ancy of the sea breaks off parts whicli float away as iccbcrii's. 'I'liis 
birth of icebergs at the water's edge of a ghicii-r often canxs waves 
thirty or forty feet in height, niik's in extent, ami attended l)y volleys of 
thunderous reports that are terrifying in the ears of the Kskinio. Kaeh 
of these glaciers is an arm of the inland ice cap of (Ireenland. a iniglity 
sheet submerging mountains and valleys to a depth of .").i>(l(l teet or 
more. 



18 AM ERICA X MUSFA'M CUIDK LEAFLETS 

The Third or SoutJtcni Panel — ('aj)c York, a Summer Home of the 

Iiinuii. 

The sci'iii" (lc'j)i(tf(l is at ("ajx' ^Ork. a sumnn'r lioiiio of the Innuit, 
at tlu' lu-ad of Melville Hay. Here the Iiinuit, or Aretie Ilitjhlander, as 
he was inisiiaiiiecl hv Sir .lames Uoss, is first nut l)y those visitiiit; the 
Arctics. The ])aiiitinfr <j:ives a \ iew of (/a])e \()ik looking toward the 
north. 

In the foreground i> the eainj). where an Iiinnit leans over a harp- 
seal which he ha> killed and is alioiil In eiil up, while his dofjs are 
watehiiif^ for some stray pieces of meat. I'his man is clothed in l)car- 
skin trousers and a hooded jacket made of about seventy aiik skins, the 
feathers l)eini,' turned next to the Kody. lie is wcariuij; hoots of seal- 
skin. 

To the left ill the cauij) is a ijii-l of ahont se\en yeai's. j)aiiited from 
a sketch made hy the artist in IMH. ."-^he is clothed in >iiiall troiLsers 
of fo.\ skill and an upper liooded i,Mniieiit. aNo of fox skin, and wears 
hoots of .st-alskin, reachiu'^ to the thi<rhs. She i> attending' a lire of 
mess and hluhix'r, over which hlood souj) is heint: j)re])arcd. while 
guardinf; from the do<,'s a piece of meat on the i^nonnd at her rifj^ht. 
Behiml the ^nrl are two sealskin tents (tuj)ekhs) from one of which 
a yoim<,' woman is emerfifing. 

Bevond the tents are mountains (oweriut;- l,"i()() to .'!(!( )() feet alio\c die 
cani|). riie siiiiiiiiils of diese iiioiiiilaiii> ai'c fre(|ueiidy olisciired hy 
dense fo<;s, from which come continually the wild cries of iunuinerahle 
nmltitndes of kittiwake ;,nills ami little auks. 

Ill this l);i\-, liiit some miles lo the casiward. the lliree meleorites 
now on e\liiliiii()ii ill the foNcr of diis iiuiscuiii remained for aijes. 
It was IN-ary who wrested them from llieir ancient ahode and hrou^dit 
them to New ^'ork in IS'.I."). From llicsc meteorites, in olden times, 
the Iniiiiil llaked (.If jijeces fnr Use iu kni\cs, harpoons and arrow 
lieails. Im ;nd in die sIiuum;|(. |'()|- food and Wii-. 



No. 12.— THE COLLECTION OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By W. D. M.-^i- 
THEw, Ph. D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology. Octo- 
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No. 13.— A GENERAL GUIDE TO THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL 
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No. 15.— PRIMITIVE ART. July, 1904. Price^ 15 cents. 

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(Reprinted from The American Museum Journal.) 

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» 

(Published as a separate series.) 

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No. 29.— THE INDIANS OF MANHATTAN ISLAND AND VICINITY. By 
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November, 1909. Price, 5 cents. 



The American fluseum Journal 



Edmund Otis Hover, Editor. 
Maky Cynthia Dkkerson. Associate Editor. 

Frank M. Chapman, | 
Louis P. Gratacap, > .-idvisonj Board. 
William K. Gregory, » 
The Journal is st-nt free to all Members of the Museum. 



Guide Leaflets published by the 

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

For Sale at the Museum. 

{Issued as supplemerds to The American Museum Journal.) 

HE BIRD ROCK GROUP. By F. M. Chapman, Asso^ 

of Mamn.ulogv and Ornithology. October, 1901. Price, 10 cents 



Xn 1 -THE BIRD ROCK GROUP. By F. M. Chapman, Associate Curator 
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^-o o _ THE S\GINAW VALLEY COLLECTION. By H. I. Smith, Assistant 

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No 3 -THE HALL OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By W. D. Mai^w. 

Ph. D., Assistant Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. January-, l.)U-. 

Out of print. 
No 4 - THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS. By Louis P. Gratacap, A. M., 
* ■ ■ Curator of Mineralogy. February', 1902. Revised edUion, May, 1904. 

Price, 10 ceids. ^, ^ n> ^ 

No 5 _ NORTH AMEKRWN RUMINANTS. By J. A. Allen, Ph. D. Curator 
■ ■ of Man.nKil..py and Ornithologj'. March. 1902 Revised edMwn, 

Februarv' 1904. Price. 10 cerds. 
No 6 -THE ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF SOUTHEASTERN UT.U. 

By George H. Pepper, Assistant in Anthropology'. April. 1J0-. 

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No 10-THE HAWK MOTHS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW \OUK CI1\. 

jly William BeutenmClleh, Curator of I'.ntomology. 1 ebruary. 

VMY.*,. Price, 10 cents. 
No 11 -THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OK THE INCAS. By C. W . M.ad, 

A^^iM.inl in Arrha-ology. July. Wm. Price, 10 cents. 

(Conlinutd on page 3 of cover.) 



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